Medial Patellofemoral Ligament (MPFL) Reconstruction

What is the MPFL?

The medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) is a strong band of tissue on the inside of your knee. It helps keep the kneecap (patella) in the correct position and stops it from sliding outwards.

Why might I need this surgery?

You may require an MPFL reconstruction if:

·       Your kneecap has dislocated (popped out) more than once.

·       You have pain or instability from kneecap dislocations.

·       Other treatments, such as physiotherapy and bracing, have not solved the problem.

The aim of the surgery is to stabilise the kneecap, prevent further dislocations, and allow you to return to normal activities.

What does the operation involve?

·       The operation is usually carried out under a general anaesthetic (you will be asleep).

·       A small piece of tendon (often taken from your own hamstring) is used to make a new ligament.

·       The tendon graft is attached to your kneecap and thigh bone using small anchors or screws.

·       The operation usually takes around 1–2 hours.

·       Most patients go home the same day.

Benefits of surgery

·       Reduces the risk of future kneecap dislocations.

·       Improves stability and confidence in your knee.

·       Can reduce pain caused by repeated dislocations.

·       May allow a safe return to sport and exercise.

Risks and complications

As with any operation, there are risks, although most patients recover well. These include:

·       Infection.

·       Bleeding or blood clots (deep vein thrombosis).

·       Stiffness or loss of movement.

·       Ongoing pain or instability.

·       The graft stretching or failing.

·       Risk of further surgery if the kneecap continues to dislocate.

Recovery and rehabilitation

·       You may need a knee brace for the first 6 weeks to protect the repair.

·       Crutches may be required for the first 2–6 weeks.

·       Physiotherapy is essential to restore strength and movement.

·       Driving is usually possible after 6 weeks, depending on your progress.

·       Return to sport may take 6–9 months.

Recovery times can vary depending on age, fitness, and the extent of the surgery.

Looking after yourself after surgery

·       Keep your wound clean and dry for the first 2 weeks after surgery.

·       Use ice and elevation to reduce swelling.

·       Take painkillers as prescribed.

·       Do your physiotherapy exercises regularly.

·       Avoid high-impact activities until your surgeon or physiotherapist says it is safe.

When to seek help

Contact my team if you experience:

·       Severe or increasing pain not controlled by medication.

·       Redness, swelling, warmth, or discharge from the wound.

·       Fever or feeling unwell.

·       Sudden calf pain, swelling, or shortness of breath (possible blood clot).

Frequently asked questions

Will my knee feel normal after surgery? Most people regain good stability and function, but it may take several months. Some patients notice mild stiffness or discomfort, especially in cold weather. Good adherence to physiotherapy is key to ensure success of the procedure.

Will I be able to return to sport? Yes, but only after completing your rehabilitation. This usually takes 6–9 months.

What if the ligament fails? In rare cases, the graft can stretch or re-tear. Further surgery may then be required.